The issue of whether a given foreign toponym is declined, is much more complicated. In French, all nouns have a gender: masculine of feminine. We look at some of the ways in which the language is changing. Graudina, Ljudmila Karlovna, Viktor Aleksandrovich Ickovich, and Lia Pavlovna Katlinskaja (1976) Grammatičeskaja pravil’nost’ russkoj reči. How much does does a 100 dollar Rules always come after. Somali seems to be in anarchy even in the Russian language: the country name varies between masculine, feminine, and neuter. Compound Italian‑ or Spanish-derived place names generally do not decline: v Santjago-de-Kompostela (in Santiago-de-Compostella), v Pal’ma-de-Mal’orka (in Palma-de-Majorca). What Gender is Your Country? 989 likes. Now, when it comes to people, it can be quite easy to guess if the noun is feminine or masculine in French : La femme, la mère, la sœur are all feminine nouns, whereas l’homme, le père, le frère, are masculine. masculine and feminine endings for French adjectives. For example, in German “a tree is male, its buds are female, its leaves are neuter”, as Mark Twain once put it. ... One of the first things a French learner discovers is that every French noun is either masculine or feminine. 4th grade. After hours trying to figure out why féminisme (feminism) is masculine and masculinité (masculinity) is feminine, you’ve come to the most logical conclusion: the gender of French nouns was randomly chosen by a bunch of sadistic linguists. The gender of some nouns makes sense ( homme [man] is masculine, femme [woman] is feminine) but others don't: the words personne [person] and victime [victim] are always feminine… . Copyright © by HarperCollins Publishers. In contrast, indeclinable toponyms are assigned to a gender category based on their “umbrella word”: names for cities in this category are masculine because the word gorod ‘city’ is masculine; river names are feminine, as is reka ‘river’; while lakes are neuter, as is ozero ‘lake’. Kosta Rika); otherwise, they are mostly masculine. Last 50 years l'escalade. The Wikipedia map reproduced on the left purports to show the distribution of “masculine” and “feminine” countries, shown in green and purple, respectively. Also in line with general gender assignment rules, country names ending in -o are neuter: Marokko (Morocco), Monako (Monaco), and San Marino. A more detailed map is reproduced on the left. Other examples of formal and informal country names belonging to different genders include Turkmenistan and Kirgizstan (Kyrgyzstan), which are masculine by their official names, but also have feminine informal designations, Turkmenia and Kirgizija, that are more commonly used. All French nouns are either masculine or feminine and, just as in English, they can be either singular or plural. Once again, the agreement on the participle is expressed through a silent “e”, only apparent in spelling: L’Égypte est divisée… but L’Uruguay est divisé…. Following the general gender assignment rules in Russian, these names are feminine: Francija (France), Čexija (Czech Republic), Indija (India). The gender is shown with And of cause you can order Finnish and Estonian toponyms vary so that both declined and non-declined forms—v Kuokkale and v Kuokkala (in Kuokkala)—are found; the general tendency is for more frequently used or better known place names to decline, while lesser known toponyms do not. There are many diverse influences on the way that English is used across the world today. Words that refer to people (and sometimes animals) are usually assigned to gender categories based on the sex of the referent: French homme and Russian muščina ‘man’ are both masculine, French femme and Russian ženščina ‘woman’ are both feminine, and so on. les États-Unis (USA), les Pays-Bas (Netherlands), ATTENTION: le Pays de Galles (Wales) is singular and masculine. As most country names in German appear without an article, I will focus on the gender assignment in Russian toponyms. French word école articles: le precedes masculin nouns: le precedes masculin nouns la., describes the gender of the word you are describing to choose correct. Instead of learning ‘table‘, you learn ‘la table‘. A Guide to the Perplexed: How to Identify Pseudo-Linguistic Articles in the Media, Meeting Darwin’s Last Challenge: Matching Genes, Languages, and Geography (Part 2), “Language Nest” Program to Nurture the Enets Language, A Brief History of the Language Laws of Quebec. Jump to Sections of this page He’s in Iran. Jump to Sections of this page > is 'ecole ' feminine or masculine both masculine and 'cette ' is All Years In French, all nouns have a gender—they are either masculine or feminine. For example, the two words for “the actor” in French are l’acteur (m) and l’actrice (f). Global Patterns in Health Infrastructure and Personnel Distribution, The Geography of Happiness—According to Twitter. We look at some of the ways in which the language is changing. The following countries are masculine even though they end in -e: For cities, gender is no big deal since there are still some controversies among scholars. This is a great opportunity for you to brush-up your French … Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. To say that you are going ‘to’ a country or that you live ‘in’ a country, use the following prepositions . Oxford: Oxford University Press. If a noun is masculine, it is preceded by le; if it is feminine, it is preceded by la. We look at some of the ways in which the language is changing. Last 100 years Upper Saddle In fact, it would be safe to say everything has a gender in French. As can be seen on the maps posted here, countries in in central and western Asia and northern Africa tend to be coded as masculine in both Russian and French, while most European nations fall in the feminine category. https://thefrenchstreet.com/masculine-and-feminine-in-french In French, all nouns have a gender: masculine of feminine. All French words have a gender. Searching for Pizza In French Masculine Or Feminine information? Last 50 years In contrast, Soedinënnoe korolevstvo (United Kingdom) is grammatically neuter. An experimental frequential stylistic dictionary of variants]. v Katmandu, in Kathmandu), as well as those that end in -i. On the other end of the spectrum we have toponyms that never decline: these include names that end in -u (e.g. It is located between Guinea Bissau and Senegal in the north; Mali and The answer is “not really”. As French makes a distinction between "masculine and feminine objects", people use le for masculine things/persons and la for feminine things/persons. But if you could also be looking for feminine things like a tie, une cravate, a car, une voiture, or a street, une rue. We would love to have you back on Languages Of The World in the future. Notable exceptions include the masculine country names that end in a silent “e”, such as le Belize (Belize), le Mexique (Mexico), le Mozambique (Republic of Mozambique), le Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe), le Zaïre (Republic of Zaire), le Cambodge (Cambodia). The general rule is that country names that end in silent “e” are feminine. Start with the Complete French Beginner's course, then follow up with French Next Steps. Masculine and Feminine in French. In some rare but instructive cases, a country name can have a mixed or ambiguous gender assignment. We look at some of the ways in which the language is changing. A castrated cat? Is cravate masculine or feminine? We look at some of the ways in which the language is changing. Like other nouns, geographical terms that start with the vowel appear with the article l’, regardless of their gender, but the gender again becomes important for agreement purposes. Similarly, Velikobritanija (Great Britain) is feminine, as is Anglija (England), a term often used informally for the whole UK. Both Palestina (Palestine) and Iudeja (Judea) are feminine. black noir noire white blanc blanche red rouge rouge blue bleu bleue They have shown that we can see about 1000 levels of light-dark, 100 levels of red-green, and 100 levels of yellow-blue for a single viewing condition in a laboratory. Even so that much has been imported into English. Moreover, even Russian native toponyms ending in -o/ -e are apparently shifting towards being indeclinable: the older form v Birjulëve (in Biryulevo), for example is being gradually replaced by v Birjulëvo. The word you choose for the depends on whether the The fight to make the French language kinder to women took steps forward, and back, this week.
The majority of words that end in -e or -ion. The Similar examples abound. Foreign language. The gender is shown with The meaninglessness of gender assignment becomes particularly clear in the cases where the same country can be referred by a formal or informal name, which differ in their gender assignment. 1976.). If they happen to end in -a or –ija, they will generally be feminine (e.g. The only difference that gender assignment makes for plural country names is in the form of the genitive case: compare the masculine s Maldiv-ov (from the Maldives) and s Filippin (from the Philippines). A great deal of variation is also found among speakers of Russian as to which toponyms they decline. Foreign toponyms are almost twice as likely as their native Russian counterparts to be used in appositive construction without declension, where the actual toponym does not get the relevant case ending: a construction such as v gorode Vellington (literally ‘in city Wellington’, with no prepositional case ending on the toponym) is nearly twice as common as one such as v gorode Moskva (‘in city Moscow’). Instead of learning ‘table‘, you learn ‘la table‘. Ses pièces mêlent masculin et féminin dans des créations parfois provocantes, toujours originales. By the way, Šotlandija (Scotland) and Irlandija (Ireland) are both feminine, but Uèl’s (Wales) and Kornuol (Cornwall) are masculine. Here are a few suggestions to try! Rouge like any colour is an adjective. For example, Les États-Unis sont divisés… but Les Philippines sont divisées. All French nouns are either masculine or feminine and, just as in English, they can be either singular or plural. The article used with plural terms is the same in both genders, but predicative participles do show gender agreement with such terms in the form of an extra silent “e”. Articles do not exist in Russian, but the gender is reflected in various other elements: demonstratives (‘this’, ‘that’), adjectives, verbs, and so on; gender may also affect how a particular term is declined. Read our series of blogs to find out more. Exploring The Rich Diversity Of Human Languages, [This post was originally published in November 2013]. Moreover, a phrase such as v gorode Vellington (without case ending on the toponym) is more than four times as common as one such as v gorode Vellingtone (with a case ending on the toponym). Learn French with FrenchPod101.com 151,061 views. Last 50 years l'escalade. But if you could also be looking for feminine things like a tie, une cravate, a car, une voiture, or a street, une rue. Upper Saddle In fact, it would be safe to say everything has a gender in French. The null genitive plural ending is characteristic of some feminine and neuter, but not masculine, nouns (for a more detailed discussion of the genitive plural endings in Russian, see Bailyn and Nevins “Russian Genitive Plurals as Impostors”). As for country names, French classifies some as masculine and others as feminine. If you liked this. The pattern, however, is deceptive. As for French-derived place names in ‑a, those that have the (stressed) -a in French do not decline in Russian (v Spa), whereas those that end in a silent “e” in French and acquired an (unstressed) –a in Russian do decline: v Ženeve (in Geneva, in French: Genève), v Lozanne (in Lozanne), v Tuluze (in Toulouse). Canadien m the Montreal Canadiens hockey club He’s in Iran. le Zimbabwe. Over 100,000 French translations of English words and phrases. Masculine or Feminine Gender March 9, 2018 June 13, 2016 by Pascal Dherve How to know if a word in French is masculine or feminine, not that easy, you need to learn them but we have some tips taking into account the end of View usage for: can … Hence, the feminine country names la France (France), la Belgique (Belgium), l’Allemagne (Germany), l’Algérie (Algeria), la Chine (China), la Guyane (Guiana), la Russie (Russia), la Corée (Korea). Conversely, why is China feminine in French but masculine in Russian? Noun . - Some countries are plural: they're usually made up of several "parts" (states, lands). Most French nouns become feminine according to regular patterns, but there … French food vocabulary is more prolific than English one. However, in the plural, only les is used whatever the gender is. The rules for adjectives in French are not easy. But when it comes to foreign toponyms in Russian in general, including names of cities, towns, lakes, mountains, rivers, and so on, the most important factor in determining gender is whether a given term is declined or not (that is, whether it changes its ending based on its position in the sentence). It's a type of “cake” with especially butter, sugar, flour Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 26,042 times. Opyt častotno-stilističeskogo slovarja variantov [Grammatical correctness of Russian speech. Unfortunately, a number of errors mar this map: for example, La Grande-Bretagne (Great Britain) is feminine, not masculine. Another problematic set of cases involves Tonga and other similar country names of Pacific Islands: despite ending in -a, which usually places nouns in the feminine category, they are typically masculine, because the Russian word ostrov for ‘island’ is masculine. For example, why is Portugal masculine in French but feminine in Russian? With some colour adjectives the writing might change depending on the subject gender, but in the case of ‘rouge’ the Historically, however, Russian did decline such toponyms, hence the title of a short story by Turgenev (mid-19th century): Večer v Sorrente (“Evening in Sorrento”). 989 likes. Some other country designations are even more tricky. is mexique masculine or feminine in french The preposition en is a little bit weird: it used to be the general word in French for "in". v Tbilisi, v Nagasaki, v Tripoli), while those ending in –y virtually always decline, replacing the -y by the appropriate case endings (e.g. For example, while Soedinënnye Štaty (United States) and Niderlandy (the Netherlands) are both plural and masculine, the informal names for these countries—Amerika (America) and Gollandija (Holland) are both feminine. As can be seen from the map reproduced on the left, country names in Russian can be masculine, feminine, or neuter. In the same vein, ‘sun’ is masculine in French, neuter in Russian, and feminine in German, whereas ‘moon’ is feminine in French and Russian, but masculine in German. Masculine or Feminine Gender March 9, 2018 June 13, 2016 by Pascal Dherve How to know if a word in French is masculine or feminine, not that easy, you need to learn them but we have some tips taking into account the end of Well-known names of large cities do decline: v Buxare (in Bukhara), v Siene (in Siena), v Ankare (in Ankara). Sometimes, the gender is determined seemingly by the orthographic shape of the word, which reflects its earlier pronunciation. As with other nouns, no direct correspondence exists between the gender of a given country name in French, in German, in Russian, or in any other gendered language. As can be seen, the gender assignment of country names is revealed by the choice of the article only in the case of place names that start from a consonant, are grammatically singular, and appear with an article in the first place. This map disregards, however, the fact that some country names are grammatically plural. Places you go like a museum, un musée, a restaurant, un restaurant, a bank, which is une banque, or a beach, une plage, also are either masculine or feminine. A few country names in French do not call for an article (this situation is much rarer in French than in English or German). Names of large historical countries typically end in -ija, regardless of their form in English or in the language of the country itself. Exceptions include some Latin American place names that end in -os, as in v Fuèntos (in Fuentos), not v Fuèntose. Warning that the well-being of France and its future are at …
There is no reason, no order. masculine and feminine nouns. Keeping this in consideration, how do you know if French words are feminine or masculine? Places you go like a museum, un musée, a restaurant, un restaurant, a bank, which is une banque, or a beach, une plage, also are either masculine or feminine. The case of i-final toponyms is interesting because both -i and –y in Russian are plural endings: compare knigi ‘books’ vs. žurnaly ‘magazines’ (the choice depends on the hardness/softness of the stem-final consonant). The gender of plural country names, such as Les États-Unis (United States) and Les Philippines (the Philippines) is determined by the singular: the former is masculine and the latter is feminine. French Nouns: Masculine or Feminine? The gender of some nouns makes sense ( homme [man] is masculine, femme [woman] is feminine) but others don't: the words personne [person] and victime [victim] are always feminine… French Nouns: Masculine or Feminine? In French, each noun is either feminine or masculine. Moreover, semantic counterparts (translations) between languages are often not assigned to the same gender: the word for ‘letter’ is masculine in German, feminine in French, and neuter in Russian; the word for ‘book’ is masculine in French, feminine in Russian, and neuter in German. Unlike in French, however, where plural nouns still trigger gender agreement on predicative participles, in Russian genders in the plural are not relevant for agreement. Translations in context of "feminine or masculine" in English-French from Reverso Context: Gender is often referred to in binary terms (i.e., feminine or masculine); however, there are many locations along the gender continuum. French Nouns: Masculine or Feminine? :D The word "un Most French nouns become feminine according to regular patterns, but there are a number of irregular nouns, based on the final letter(s) of the masculine singular noun. In French, all nouns have a gender—they are either masculine or feminine. > is 'ecole ' feminine or masculine both masculine and 'cette ' is However, "dog" (el perro) is listed as just masculine noun. Likewise, the formal country names Demokratičeskaja Respublika Kongo (DRC) and Respublika Kongo (Republic of Congo) are both feminine because the word respublika is feminine. As a general rule, the countries ending in -eare If you would like to receive updates of our newest posts, feel free to do so using any of your favorite methods below: If you have a great product or service you'd like to let our targeted audience know about, you can sponsor the development of this site with your promotion. Translation for 'feminine' in the free English-French dictionary and many other French translations. 5) When referring to aau au Here, the origin of the place name and its frequency of use in Russian play important roles. La Réunion doesn’t end in -e but the common noun réunion is feminine, so the country has the same gender, regardless of the final letter. Moreover, compound toponyms tend not to be declined (although occasionally they are, particularly in colloquial speech): na Pèr-Lašez (at Père Lachaise), but rarely na Pèr-Lašeze. As far as country names are concerned, the ending is of the utmost importance in determining its gender. As a result, gender assignment (particularly, in a foreign language) “makes no sense”. Most of those plural names are grammatically masculine, including Soedinënnye Štaty (United States), Ob”edinënnye Arabskie Èmiraty (United Arab Emirates), Komory (Comoros), Mal’divy (Maldives), Sejčel’skie Ostrova (Seychelles), Solomonovy Ostrova (Solomon Islands), and Maršallovy Ostrova (Marshall Islands). Two genders: masculine and feminine. I was wondering if someone could please explain to me when we need to be mindful about changing words from masculine to their feminine form when writing in French? Is cravate masculine or feminine? Let’s consider how gender assignment words in different European languages. living in Chile. Create an account and sign in to access this FREE content.
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